The United States offers business and investment-based immigration options for individuals who wish to invest, establish a business and build a future in the country. The two principal pathways are the EB-5 Immigrant Investor Program and the E-2 Treaty Investor Visa.
The EB-5 program provides a route to permanent residence, while the E-2 visa allows eligible treaty-country nationals to live in the United States temporarily while developing and directing an active business.
The EB-5 Immigrant Investor Program is designed for foreign investors seeking U.S. permanent residence through a qualifying investment that supports job creation and economic growth.
A qualifying EB-5 application may include the principal investor’s:
Eligible family members may obtain conditional permanent residence without making separate qualifying investments.
Investors may proceed through:
The investor establishes or invests in a business and is responsible for meeting the applicable business and job-creation requirements.
Capital is invested through a USCIS-designated regional centre project. The petition is generally filed using Form I-526E.
A regional-centre designation does not mean that the U.S. government guarantees the investment, project performance, immigration approval or repayment of funds.
Citizenship is not granted automatically through investment. Green Card holders generally need to maintain continuous residence and meet the other naturalisation requirements before applying.
The E-2 Treaty Investor Visa is a temporary, non-immigrant pathway for nationals of countries that maintain a qualifying treaty with the United States.
It allows an eligible investor to enter the United States to develop and direct a genuine operating business in which substantial capital has been invested.
The U.S. government does not prescribe a fixed minimum investment for E-2 classification. The investment must be substantial in relation to the total cost and nature of the business. Therefore, presenting USD 100,000 as a compulsory or guaranteed qualifying amount would be misleading.
The principal applicant’s spouse and unmarried children under 21 may generally apply as dependants. A qualifying spouse may be permitted to work in the United States, while children may study but normally lose derivative eligibility upon turning 21.
| Feature | EB-5 Program | E-2 Visa |
|---|---|---|
| Immigration status | Permanent-residence pathway | Temporary non-immigrant visa |
| Minimum investment | USD 800,000 or USD 1,050,000 | No prescribed fixed minimum |
| Nationality | Generally open to all nationalities | Limited to treaty-country nationals |
| Job creation | At least 10 qualifying full-time jobs | No fixed number, but the business must not be marginal |
| Business involvement | Direct or regional-centre structure | Investor must develop and direct the business |
| Family | Spouse and unmarried children under 21 | Spouse and unmarried children under 21 |
| Green Card | Yes, initially conditional | No direct Green Card |
| Renewal | Conditions removed through Form I-829 | May be renewed while eligibility continues |
The EB-5 program may be appropriate for applicants seeking permanent residence who can make the qualifying investment, document the lawful source of funds and satisfy the job-creation requirements.
The E-2 visa may suit treaty-country nationals who want to own and actively operate a U.S. business but do not require an immediate permanent-residence pathway.
Open Path Immigration can support applicants with an initial profile assessment, pathway comparison, documentation coordination and referral to appropriately licensed U.S. immigration attorneys and qualified investment professionals.
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